Resources

CENTER FOR TEACHING
FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE
Gevirtz Graduate School of Education
University of California, Santa Barbara

EXPLORING THE HENRIETTA MARIE, SLAVE TRADE,
THE MIDDLE PASSAGE AND RELATED ISSUES

Resources: An Annotated List

** = A good place to start

PREPARING THE MIND: The following are books and online resources that you may draw on in preparing the mind (students and/or teachers) for the Henrietta Marie exhibit itself – A Slave Ship Speaks: The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie.

Books specifically on the Henrietta Marie

Burnside, Madeleine (1997). Spirits of the Passage. ed. by Rosemarie Robotham. Simon & Schuster Editions, New York. Tells the story of the transatlantic slave trade in the 17th century with special references to the Henrietta Marie.

**Cottman, Michael H. (1999). The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie. Harmony Books, New York. Mr. Cottman was one of the divers who helped to excavate the Henrietta Marie and did much of the research on the ship itself.

Cottman, Michael. Spirit Dive: An African-American’s Journey to Uncover a Sunken Slave Ship’s Past. Appropriate as resource for all levels.

**Sullivan, George (1994). Slave Ship: The Story of the Henrietta Marie. Cobblehill Books, New York. Appropriate for grades 4-High School. Has pictures of artifacts, historical context.

Online Resources on the Henrietta Marie

The Henrietta Marie (A Perspective on the Henrietta Marie for the Historical Museum of Southern Florida, by Dr. Dinizulu Gene Tinnie)
http://www.historical-museum.org/exhibits/hm/perspect.htm

**West Virginia State Museum and Cultural Center – Online Exhibits (including A Slave Ship Speaks – Henrietta Marie) plus Teachers Guide http://www.wvculture.org/museum/exhibitsonline.html

A Slave Ship Speaks – a second piece by Dr. Dinizulu Gene Tinnie for the Historical Museum of Southern Florida

The following are books and online resources that will enable you to extend on particular issues represented by the exhibit, A Slave Ship Speaks: The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie, particularly issues of the transatlantic slave trade and the Middle Passage.

Feelings, Tom (1995). The Middle Passage: White Ships, Black Cargo. Dial Books, New York. A book of black and white narrative paintings with an introduction by Tom Feelings and an historical overview and introduction by Dr. John Henry Clark. Appropriate for grades 4-High School.

**Haskins, J. & Benson, K., Bound for America: The Forced Migration of Africans to the New World. Paintings and narrative. Appropriate for grades 4-10.

Lester, Julius & Brown, Rod. From Slave Ship to Freedom Road. Some difficult text, many powerful paintings as illustrations, has both expository text and interactive “imagination exercises”. Appropriate for middle/high school and excerpted in 4-5.

**Newman, Shirley P. (2000). The African Slave Trade (Watts Library Series). Franklin Watts, Division of Grolier Publishing, New York. Appropriate for grades 4-6.

**Ringgold, Faith (1999). The Invisible Princess. Dragonfly Books, New York. Fairy tale that weaves “myth and history, inspiration and grace” (back cover). Appropriate for grades 2-6.

**Thomas, Velma Maia (1997). Lest We Forget: The Passage from Africa to Slavery and Emancipation. A three-dimensional interactive book with photographs and documents from the Black Holocaust Exhibit. Has primary source documents that can be removed and examined. Appropriate for grades 4-12.

**Zeinert, Karen. The Amistad Slave Revolt and American Abolition. Appropriate for grades 6-10.

Slavery Online Resources

**Gail Desler’s Classroom Home Page
http://www.jps.net/~gailhd
Go to this website. Click on the following link:
**Passages: an African-American Odyssey (We highly recommend this site!!)
This is a Language Arts/Social Science unit for 4th, 5th, and 6th grades (it is a cycle that goes across all three years, so do not be limited to looking at only one grade level to see the framework, activities, and resources, including additional links.

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade – a site prepared by students with textual information (all levels). (A few photos and graphics as well.)
http://library.advanced.org/13406/ta/2.htm

Exploring Amistad
http://www.amistad.mysticseaport.org

**Africans in America: America’s Journey Through Slavery
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia
This site accompanies a PBS program. It begins in 1450. It has a narrative as orientation, a resource bank of images, historical documents, stories, bios, commentary from historians in a question/answer format. There is also a Teacher's Guide.

Book Series

**Young Oxford History of African-Americans
    Vol. 1 The First Passage: Blacks in the Americas 1520-1617
    Vol. 2 Strange New Land: Africans in Colonial America 1516-1776
    Vol. 3 Revolutionary Citizens: African-Americans 1776-1804
    Vol. 4 Let My People Go: African-Americans 1804-1860

**A Multicultural History of America (William Katz)
    Exploration to the War of 1812, 1492-1814
    The Westward Movement and Abolitionism, 1815-1850
    The Civil War and the Last Frontier, 1850-1880
    The Great Migrations, 1880-1912
    The New Freedom to the New Deal, 1913-1939
    World War II to the New Frontier, 1940-1963
    The Great Society to the Reagan Era, 1964-1990
    Minorities Today

book

The following will help you to both engage with and/or extend the academic study of the issues brought to mind by A Slave Ship Speaks: The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie.

Books on Slavery in the United States

**The African American Library (The Child’s World publishers) Selected books from series:
    Nat Turner and the Virginia Slave Revolt
    Slavery: The Struggle for Freedom
    The Emancipation Proclamation

**Bial, Raymond. The Strength of These Arms: Life in the Slave Quarters. Has both photographs and text. Appropriate for grades 4-5.

Bulla, Clyde. Charlie’s House. Easy historical fiction that takes place during the colonial period. Addresses indentured servants, slavery, escape. Appropriate for grades 3-5.

Erikson, Paul. Daily Life on a Southern Plantation: 1853. Contains photos of realia and drawings, there is a contrast between life for the owner and life for the slave in each topic covered. Appropriate for grades 4-5.

**Hamilton, Virginia. Many Thousand Gone: African Americans from Slavery to Freedom. Anthology. Appropriate for all ages.

Hopkinson, Deborah. Sweet Clara and the Freedom Quilt. Picture book – appropriate for grades 4-6.

McKissack, P. & McKissack, F. Christmas in the Big House, Christmas in the Quarters. Contrasts life for the slaveholder and the slave. Appropriate for grades 3-5.

Paulsen, Gary. Nightjohn. Historical fiction. Resistance and risk (teaching another to read and write). Appropriate for grades 5-middle school.

Paulsen, Gary. Sarney. A continuation of the above story. Appropriate for grades 5-middle/high.

Rappaport, Doreen. No More! Stories and Songs of Slave Resistance. Candlewick Press.
2002. Appropriate for elementary grades.

**Stanton, Lucia (1996). Slavery at Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, Monticello Monograph Series, Virginia. The preface to this book was done by Julian Bond. In addition to this book, the author is also engaged in an oral history project to recover information about Jefferson’s slaves and their descendents. Appropriate for grades 5 – high school.

**Equiano, Olaudah. The Kidnapped Prince – The Life of Olaudah Equiano. An autobiography written in the 1700’s. Addresses issues of the Middle Passage. Appropriate for grades 4-6 plus. (See related web site below entitled: Passages: An African American Odyssey)

**Fleischner, Jennifer (1997). I Was Born a Slave: The Story of Harriet Jacobs. The Millbrook Press, Brookfield, Connecticut. This adaptation is based on Harriet Jacob’s autobiography, published in 1861. “This adaptation tells of Harriet’s life as a slave – the mental, emotional, and physical cruelty inflicted upon her by her master, the harrowing ordeal of her daring escape from slavery, and the seven years she spent hidden in a cramped attic space, separated from her children.” The book is illustrated and is a notable children’s trade book in the field of social studies (National Council for the Social Studies – Children’s Book Council). Appropriate for grades 4-6.

Fleischner, Jennifer. Mastering Slavery: Memory, Family and Identity in Women’s Slave Narratives. The book contains a chapter on Harriet Jacobs. Appropriate as resource for high school and for teachers, all levels.

**Hurmence, Belinda (1984, 16th printing - 2001). My Folks Don’t Want Me To Talk About Slavery. (Real Voices, Real History Series) John F. Blair Publisher, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Twenty-one oral histories of former slaves from North Carolina, from the Federal Writers Project of the 1930s. Editor provides
an introduction to the narratives and to her selection process. Appropriate for all
ages.

**Hurmence, Belinda (1997). Slavery Time: When I Was Chillun. G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. A collection of oral histories from former slaves from several states (edited for “readability only”). The author provides an introduction that describes the Federal Writers Project of the 1930s, the debate over the ‘accuracy’ of the narratives, and her rationale for her selection process, particularly in looking for child survivors who were at least ten years of age by 1865. Text is accompanied by photographs, primary source documents, and insets with information that extends particular information provided in the narratives. Appropriate for grades 4-6.

Jacobs, Harriet (1861). Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written By Herself (Ed. Jean Fagan Yellin). Harvard University Press, Cambridge University Press
(1987).

Jacobs, John S. (1861). A True Tale of Slavery. The Leisure Hour: A Family Journal of Instruction and Recreation (476). London, 85-87; 108-110; 125-127; 139-141.

**Lander, Elaine. Slave Narratives: The Journey to Freedom (In Their Own Voices). Four accounts of life under slavery and how individuals obtained their freedom. Appropriate for grades 5-10.

**Lawrence, Jacob. Harriet and the Promised Land. Appropriate for ages 6 and up.

**Lester, Julius (1998; 1st edition, 1968). Thirtieth Anniversary Edition: To Be a Slave. Dial Books, New York. Paintings are by Tom Feelings. Has a new introduction by both Julius Lester and Tom Feelings. Collection of narratives from former slaves, collected in both the nineteenth century and by the Federal Writers Project in the 1930s. The original introduction discusses the difference between these two types of narratives. This is a Newberry Honor Book. Appropriate for grades 5 – high school.

Prince, Mary (1831, new Penguin edition – 2000). The History of Mary Prince. Edited by Sarah Salih. Penguin Classics, London, New York. An autobiography, the first life of a Black woman to be published in Britain. Appropriate for grades 5 – high school.

Truth, Sojourner (1850; this unabridged edition – 1997). Narrative of Sojourner Truth. Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, New York. Sojourner Truth’s narrative gives a glimpse into the world of Northern slavery. She recounts her life as a slave in rural New York and then her life following her escape some thirty years later. This is an unabridged version with an introduction. Appropriate for grades 5-high school.

**Cox, Clinton (1999). Come All You Brave Soldiers: Blacks in the Revolutionary War. Scholastic Press, New York. Appropriate for grades 5+.

**Davis, Burke (1976). Black Heroes of the American Revolution. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York & London. Each chapter focuses on groups or individuals from this period. Appropriate for grades 4-6.

Dodson, Howard, Yancy, Roberta, Moore, Christopher, Andrews, Regina. The Black New Yorkers: The Schomburg Illustrated Chronology. 400 years of history in New York, beginning in 1613. Appropriate for all levels – with students and as resource.

**Haskins, James, Benson, Kathleen, Ransome, James. Building a New Land: African-Americans
inColonial America.

Miller, William (2000). Tituba. Gulliver Books, San Diego, New York, London. A picture book. Takes place in 1692 in Salem Village. Tituba, a West Indian slave who has been brought north against her will, is jailed unjustly as part of the Salem witch trials. Appropriate for grades 3-6.

**Nardo, Don, Darlene Hine. Braving the New World 1619-1784: From the Arrival of the Enslaved Africans to the End of the American Revolution. Appropriate for grades 5-12.

Second Daughter: The Story of a Slave Girl. Historical fiction. The story of Elizabeth Freeman, from the point of view of a fictional sister (taking action; from slavery to freedom). Appropriate for grades 4-6.

Weidt, Maryann. Revolutionary Poet: A Story About Phillis Wheatley.

Online Resources

**SCORE – Has multiple resources, including classroom activities, student-constructed virtual museums, virtual field trips and much more.
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us

The following is a page with search results around slavery. There are two ways to search – through the Lessons/Activities Database and/or through the Resources Database. This search is through only one of those. To search through the other database, click back to the previous page. When looking at linked web sites within the Resources Database, you will see icons that provide a rating of the sites based on teacher reviews.
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/cgi.bin/DB_search/db_search.cgi

Books on the Underground Railroad

**Blockson, Charles L. (1987). The Underground Railroad. Prentice Hall Press. New York. Contains narratives; excerptable in grades 4-12 and as resource.

**Gorrell, G.K. North Star to Freedom: Story of the Underground Railroad. Appropriate for grades 5-6.

National Parks Service (1998). Underground Railroad: Official National Park Handbook. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Text and many illustrations. Appropriate for elementary, middle and high school.

**Ringgold, Faith (1992). Aunt Harriet’s Underground Railroad in the Sky. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. In the tradition of Faith Ringgold’s Tar Beach and other books, such as Dinner at Aunt Connie’s House, the artist uses a fantasy approach to historical fiction using art and narrative. Students ‘meet’ Aunt Harriet and hear her perspective on her life and actions. Appropriate for grades 2-5.

Tobin, Jacqueline, G., Raymond, Dobard, Phd, Wahlman, Maude, Benberry, Cuesta. Hidden in Plain View: a Secret Story of Quilts and the Underground Railroad. Appropriate for middle/high school and as resource for all ages. Has provoked much debate about the nature of evidence.

**Williams, Carla (2002). The Underground Railroad: Journey to Freedom. (From the African American Library series). The Child’s World. Photos, personal examples, references to oral histories, primary sources. Appropriate for grades 4-6.

Civil War

Everett, Gwen. John Brown: One Man Against Slavery. A picture book biography that looks at John Brown from the perspective of taking social action and protest. Appropriate for 4-6.

**Polacco, Patricia. Pink and Say. Historical fiction in picture book form – based on a family history of friendship during the Civil War. Appropriate for grades 4-6. (A powerful story for older students as well, actually.)

Warner, Emmy. Reluctant Winesses: Children’s Voices from the Civil War. Narratives. Appropriate for intermediate, middle, and high school.

Taking action on and/or from: A Slave Ship Speaks: The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie

The following are books and online resources on which teachers and students may draw following the visit to the museum. These enable you to both extend and to take academic and/or social action on what was studied.

Related books in this area

Anti-Slavery Society. Slave Terror: A Journey Through Contemporary Slavery. Boston, Massachusetts.

**Appiah, Kwame Anthony & Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and the African-American Experience. Appropriate for 5-12 and as resource for all levels.

Cox, Clinton. The Forgotten Heroes: The Story of the Buffalo Soldiers. Appropriate for grades 4-8.

**Mays, Osceola (2000). Osceola: Memories of a Sharecroppers Daughter. Hyperion Books, New York. (Collected and edited by Alan Govenar) An oral history that gives insights into slavery and later life in the South; a valuable collection. Appropriate for grades 2-middle school.

**Lanier, Shannon & Feldman, Jane (2000). Jefferson’s Children: The Story of One American Family. Random House, New York. A well-done book by a young descendent of Thomas Jefferson, through Sally Hemmings. This is a collection of interviews; focuses on what counts as history and whose history counts. Appropriate for elementary and high.

Myers, Walter Dean. One More River to Cross: An African American Photograph Album. All ages.

Pinkney, Andrea Davis. Let It Shine: Stories of Black Women Freedom Fighters. Appropriate for grades 3-middle.

Thompson, Kathleen, Austin, Hilary, Hine, Darlene. The Face of Our Past: Images of Black Women from Colonial America to the Present. Appropriate for all levels.

**Watkins, Richard (2001). Slavery: Bondage Through History. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. Discusses slavery from ancient times through the Middle Passage to contemporary times (includes discussions of Nazi slave labor and child labor in Southeast Asia). Appropriate for High School and as resource for teachers of intermediate, middle, and secondary.

Wilson, Jackie Napolean. Hidden Witness: African-American Images from the Dawn of Photography to the Civil War. Appropriate for all levels.

Across Groups

**Chan, Sucheng, Daniels, Douglas, Garcia, Mario, Wilson, Terry (1994). Peoples of Color in the American West. D.C. Heath and Company, Lexington, MA and Toronto. An anthology of essays by historians and social scientists. Appropriate for secondary and a resource for teachers, grades 4-6.

Dyer, T.A. (1981). A Way of His Own. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. A novel placed as part of an unspecified Native American culture – prehistoric. “A thoughtful, uncondescending examination of prejudice and superstition, strengthened by well-developed characters and relationships.” School Library Journal, starred review. Appropriate for grades 5-6.

Fisher, Leonard. To Bigotry No Sanction: The Story of the Oldest Synagogue in America. Gold Mountain. History of Chinese in Gold Rush California.

**Hamanaka, Sheila (1995). The Journey: Japanese Americans, Racism, and Renewal. Orchard Books, New York. Appropriate for grades 4-6.

Hazell, Rebecca. Heroic Children. Short narratives about children taking some kind of action, from as far back as 1052 to 1995 (Iqbal Masih – child labor/slavery).

**Johnson, Dolores. Seminole Diary: Remembrances of a Slave. Appropriate for grades 4-6.

**Katz, William. Black Indians. Appropriate for grades 4-8. The Latino Experience in U.S. History (1994), Globe Fearon, New Jersey. This is a textbook for the secondary level. Has sections that address slavery in the west, Native American experience, etc.

Menchaca, Martha (2001). Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans. University of Texas Press, Austin. Resource.

Shorris, Earl (1992). Latinos: A Biography of the People. W.W. Norton & Company, New York,
London. Biographical narratives. Resource.

We Were There Too. A book with stories of children and young people who were part of U.S.
history, with emphasis on major events and times. Appropriate for all levels.

Other General Resources – They are resources for teachers and students – meeting more general needs, particularly with regard to tolerance, intolerance, and general historical work.

**Carney, Jim. Us and Them: A History of Intolerance in the US. (Southern Law and Poverty Center). Appropriate for grades 4-12.

Galt, Margot Fortunato. The Story in History: Writing Your Way Into the American Experience. Teachers and Writers Collaborative, New York. Teacher resource for writing in history, all levels.

Rand, Donna, Parker, Toni Trent (2001). Black Books Galore!: Guide to Great African American Children’s Books About Girls. John Wiley & /sons, Inc., New York.

**Robertson, Judith, Ed. Teaching for a Tolerant World: Grades K-6. With the Committee on Teaching About Genocide and Intolerance. National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, Illinois. Resource

**Robertson, Judith, Ed. Teaching for a Tolerant World: Grades 9-12. With the Committee on Teaching About Genocide and Intolerance. National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, Illinois.

Online Resources - of a more general sort

The DuSable Museum of African American History
740 East 56th Place
Chicago, Illinois 60637
http://www.dusablemueseum.org
Will have current exhibits with background information – will have part of the exhibit online.

**The Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History
215 East Warren Avenue at Bush Street
Detroit, MI 48201
http://www.maahdetroit.org
Has one exhibit online: In the Spirit of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Has resources on the web, including links for the exhibits.

**Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture
Washington, D.C.
http://www.si.edu/anacostia/anacexh.htm